Citral of Isolation, Structure and synthesis


Citral


Citral is widely distributed and occurs to the extent of 70 to 80 percent in lemongrass oil.

 


Isolation              The essential oil containing citral is treated With sodium bisulphite solution,when crystalline citral bisulphite derivative is obtained. This derivative is then hydrolyzed with sodium carbonate to give pure citral.


Structure of Citral

                 Youtube
  • Molecular Formula   【C10H16O】
  • Citral react with hydroxylamine to form an Oxime.
  • Citral reacts with bromine to form a tetrabromide dederivative.
              This indicated the presence of two C-C double bonds in the citral.
  • Citral undergoes hydrolysis with potassium carbonate to give 2-methyl-2-hepten-6-one(Methylheptenone) and acetaldehyde.

  • When citral is heated with potassium bisulphate,it is convert to P-cymene.

Synthesis Of Citral (Barbier-Bouveaul-Tiemann's)
                        Citral can be synthesis form 2-methyl-2-hepten-6-oneby the following three steps.
Step1:- Methyheptenone is subject to reformatsky reaction and hydrolysis to give a β-hydroxy acid.

Step2:- Dehydration of β-hydroxy acid   with anhydride give geranic acid.
Step3:-  Distillation of a mixture containing the calcium salts of geranic acid and calcium formate yields citral
Use Of Citral
                         Geranial and netao are used for scenting cosmetics, perfumes,soaps and in lemon flavours.
Geraniol is also used in the manufacturer of geraniol.

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