ChemSadre

                      SANTONIN                       Source:- It is obtained from the dried expended flower heads of Artomision Ciua (Wormseed)  Use:-    * Due to toxicity it is now replaced by other an the limintics.             *It is mostly used an anthelmintic              *It is very efficient in this action on round worms. E.g.(Ascaris) in does of 60 to 200mg daily for 3day; but shows less effect on the these worms and none on taenia.   Structure     *  Molecular Formula of santonin  (C 15 H 18 O 3 )     *Santonin belongs to sesquiterpenoid class of tere noida. It contains three isoprene units joined head to tail.        DBE=X+1-Y/Z                =16-9                =07                【CxHyOz】 Hydrogenation of santonin forms tetrahydrosantonin. Santon in Contains two C=C double bond (DBE=O2) Santonin Forms Oxime Derivative With NH2OH             Santonin contains carbon group and it was found to be ketonic (DBE=01)        This ketonic behaves as  α , β- ke rone. This proved fro

what is isoprene rule?                     * "It S tates that the skeleton structure of all terpenoids are built up of isoprene Units or 2-methyl 1,3-butadiene".                   * The isoprene rule derived form the following facts. (a) The empirical Formula if almost all terpenoids is C5H8. (b)  The thermal decomposition of all terpenoids gives isoprene as one of the products                     Eg:-Rubber on destructive distillation yields isoprene as the products.                   *  The isoprene rule has been confirmed by the following facts.        (¡) Isoprene,When Heated to 280℃ yield a (Dipentene)        (¡¡)  Isoprene may be polymerized to yield a rubber like product.                        Special Isoprene Rule                        This rule proposed by Ingold in 1925. According to this rule "the isoprene units in terpenoids are joined by head to tail linkage or 1,4-linkage". (The branched end of isoprene units was considered as head and other end as

Citral Citral is widely distributed and occurs to  the extent of   70 to 80 percent in  lemongrass oil.   Isolation                 T he  essential oil containing citral is treated  With sodium bisulphite solution,when crystalline citral  bisulphite derivative is obtained. This derivative is then  hydrolyzed with sodium carbonate to give pure citral. Structure of Citral                   Youtube Molecular Formula    【C 10 H 16 O】 Citral react with hydroxylamine to form an Oxime. Citral reacts with bromine to form a tetrabromide dederivative.               This indicated the presence of two C-C double bonds in the citral. Citral undergoes hydrolysis with potassium carbonate to give 2

                        TERPENOIDS Many of the fragrant components of plants are volatile with steam and may be is played by steam distillation,silent extra toon,or other treatment of the plant. These components are called the essential oils.           They are widely used in the perfumery, food flavouring, and medicines. The essential oils are not pure single compounds. They usually consist of mixtures of hydrocarbons containing 10,15,20,30 or 40 carbon atoms or their oxygenated derivatives. These individual components of essential oils are called the Terpenes or Terpenoids. Modern Definition:- " Tere noida are the hydrocarbons of plant Origin of the general formula (C5H8)n  as well as their oxygenated, hydrogenated and dehydrogenated derivatives " . Classification of  Terpens                     Terpens are classified according to the number of isoprene units they container. The classes found in nature are Posted Class .      No  of Carbon .   No of Isoprene Monoterpenes