Classification of Terpens

                        TERPENOIDS

Many of the fragrant components of plants are volatile with steam and may be is played by steam distillation,silent extra toon,or other treatment of the plant. These components are called the essential oils.

          They are widely used in the perfumery, food flavouring, and medicines. The essential oils are not pure single compounds.

They usually consist of mixtures of hydrocarbons containing 10,15,20,30 or 40 carbon atoms or their oxygenated derivatives. These individual components of essential oils are called the Terpenes or Terpenoids.

Modern Definition:- "Tere noida are the hydrocarbons of plant Origin of the general formula (C5H8)n as well as their oxygenated, hydrogenated and dehydrogenated derivatives".

Classification of  Terpens

                    Terpens are classified according to the number of isoprene units they container. The classes found in nature are Posted

Class.    No of Carbon.  No of Isoprene

Monoterpenes                                                          10                                                2

Sesquiterpenes                                                       15                                                 3

Diterpenes                                                               20                                                 4

Triterpenes                                                              30                                                 6

Tetraterpenes                                                          40                                                 8

Polyterpenes                                                            5n                                                 n

[1] MONOTERPENES                                   The monoterpenes contains atoms (two isoprene units). They may occur as 

• Open chain (acyclic)

 

    Myrcene is an open-chain monoterpene hydrocarbon. It is found in verbena and bay oils.

Myrcene

                                                        

It is also found in oil of orange,oil of leman(6to7 percent) and in citronella oil.

Citral

• Monocyclic 

                        

Menthol

• Bicyclic 

                   

Camphor

[2]SESQUITERPENOIDS 【C15】

• Acyclic sesquiterpenoid

• Monocyclic sesquiterpenoid

Bisabolene

Zinziberene

• Bicyclic sesquiterpenoid

cadinene

[3]Diterpenoids【C20】

The diterpenes contain twenty carbon (4isoprene)

• Acyclic Diterpenoid
  
• Monocyclic Diterpenoid

  

  Vitamin-A

  

  Retinene

  
  
• Dicyclic Diterpenoid

            Ex:-Agathic acid

• Tricyclic Diterpenoid

   Abietic acid is a tricyclic diferente. It is the chief constituent of pine resin.

• 

  Abietic Acid